This page expands more on the values I mention on the homepage and how I am striving to achieve them.
Community and justice
Community
Everyone knows that present-day America has serious issues. The more I think and read about those issues, the more I learn that the root cause is the lack of community. The American dream has been framed around individuals pursuing their own goals; suburban neighborhoods don't have community, but rather isolated people on separate journeys who just happen to live nearby. A community, by contrast, provides ideas of common good and collective responsibility. A healthy community is like a healthy family: each person cares about others, and no individual's good can be separated from the good of the group. Another way of saying this is that a community has solidarity.Justice
Injustices and debates about justice also stem from a lack of community. Debate about justice are neverending. In the English-speaking world, the main figures in debates on justice try to frame their views in objective, universal terms so that any rational person would agree with them; yet disagreement is endemic. The solution? Don't buy in to the debate. Most philosophers don't understand that justice is a practice—we develop traits of justice by participating in the social practices of our community. You can only understand justice by buying into a cultural community, and fighting for justice is a practical, social, and cultural endeavor.Organizing
So, how do you build community, and how do you fight injustice? My best guess comes from my time as a graduate student: we have to create strong, robust networks which connect ordinary people like you and me. We have to recognize that the only way we can get the power to improve our lives is by building it, one person at a time. This means having lots of one-on-one conversations and encouraging everyone to step out of their isolation and join the rest of us. This is difficult, exhausting work, and it takes moving past surface-level disagreements for the sake of solidarity. But I do not know of any alternative.My strengths
- Peace literacy. The main thrust of the class I took on peace literacy was simple on paper and
difficult in practice: when you have tense disagreements and conflict in a diverse group or
community, pursuing justice means...
- Emotional control: being able to step back from any feelings of anger or hurt and think carefully through the best way to respond. From a peace literacy perspective, aggression (e.g. verbal abuse or eye-rolling) is like the heat which comes off of a fire of fear, insecurity, alienation, and trauma, and I've been practicing controlling my own fires so I can maintain trusting, co-operative relationships with people who frustrate me.
- Empathy: being able to step into the shoes of another person and understand where they are coming from. One concrete skill I've been practicing has been empathetic listening, where I try to listen closely enough to a conversation partner to where I could what they said back to them in words they would recognize as their own.
- Open-mindedness: being able to recognize when you have to change your mind. I've practiced admitting when I'm wrong or when I've made a mistake, and I'm now trying to learn something from every conversation I have with people, even on topics I'm well-studied in.
- Commitment. I hope my writing this webpage demonstrates my commitment to these issues both in terms of careful thinking and concrete practice. But, while I am proud of the work I have done so far, I am desperately searching for opportunities to continue practicing what I preach by having more one-on-one conversations with people who are very different from me with the aim of pursuing our common good.
My growth areas
- Mutual aid. Part of my discovery of these values has been a recognition that my introverted nature is often not helpful: by default, I'd rather stay home and sit on my computer than I would build community. Finding a way to build community while avoiding burnout has been a serious challenge for me; this is especially true in mutual aid contexts, where community support requires more time and energy than just having conversations. I have done a bit of work on building mutual aid networks in Corvallis, but I see this as an important area for future work.
My reading
I've developed my views on these values largely with the help of these books:- Charles Payne (1995), I've Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle.
- Martin Luther King, Jr. (1967), Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?
- Paul Chappell (2012), Peaceful Revolution: How We Can Create the Future Needed for Humanity’s Survival
- Jane McAlevey (2016), No Shortcuts: Organizing for Power in the New Gilded Age.
- Dean Spade (2020), Mutual Aid: Building Solidarity During this Crisis (and the next)
- Alasdair MacIntyre (1999), Dependent Rational Animals.
- Antonio Gramsci (1947), Prison Notebooks.
Virtue and learning
Justice and peace literacy are examples of virtues, which are character traits or habits of thinking and behavior that define who you are. The loss of thinking in terms of virtue and character is deeply connected to the loss of American community. This is because American culture has replaced virtue-thinking with decrepit views of a good life:
- Many people, including my past self, egotistically pursue whatever they want or whatever will please them (money, fame, 'success,' etc.), occasionally denying their inner appetites by giving in to their conscience. This makes it impossible to develop mutual and reliable connections with others.
- Others dogmatically hold onto the ideas of right and wrong they were taught by an authority figure. This closed-mindedness makes it impossible to learn when you might be wrong, and talking to other people degrades into monologuing at them instead of dialoguing with them.
My strengths
- Reflection.
- Motivation.
My growth areas
- Vulnerability.
- Lack of practice.
My reading
I've understood the importance of virtue and learning mostly from these books:- Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics.
- Alasdair MacIntyre (1981), After Virtue.
- Alasdair MacIntyre (1999), Dependent Rational Animals.
- Julia Annas (2011), Intelligent Virtue.
Collaboration and leadership
The meaning of leading and following
As I begin to switch my career path from academia to impactful organizational work, I am faced with the question of how to be an effective collaborator in that context. In many contexts, working with others is often implicitly or explicitly understood hierarchically, in terms of leaders with authority and followers who obey the leaders. But Dr. Hailey Traini's graduate course on leadership informed me of the dangers of this view. The course covered the meaning of leadership from a variety of perspectives and taught me that there is a critical difference between leadership and authority. We get authority when people trust us to effectively do our job and pursue our common goals. But you can be an authority figure without actually pursuing change, collaborating with others, and experimenting. In this light, leadership is less of a position in an institutionalized hierarchy and more of a collaborative practice in which people are mobilized to help the organization thrive. This is further exemplified by understanding the relationship between leading and following. Like leadership, followership is a collaborative practice in pursuit of the organization's purpose. Courageous followers assume responsibility for themselves and the organization and seek out opportunities to fulfill their potential. Followership goes hand-in-hand with leadership, and I want to be able to effectively play both roles.My strengths
In Dr. Traini's leadership course, I tested my ability in a variety of different leadership skills and identified several strengths:- Followership. For the course, I completed the followership self-assessment provided in Leadership: Theory and Practice. These reflective activities indicated that I'm an effective follower. My background in philosophy has especially helped with independent thinking, as one of the main skills that philosophy aims to impart is the ability to understand and evaluate different perspectives or arguments.
- Systems thinking. Another unit of the course focused on systems thinking, a perspective that takes a big-picture, holistic view of systemic challenges. I had already begun thinking about systemic change in the context of my research in mathematics education, so I chose to push myself in this area in particular. As a result, I learned a lot about my strengths and weaknesses in systems thinking. This is showcased in an application assignment in which I reflect on my proficiency with the 14 Habits of a Systems Thinker. I then continued to research different systems thinking frameworks and ultimately held a 30-minute workshop on leading for systemic change using the Above and Below the Line (ABLe) change framework. You can find a copy of that workshop here, and you can find my reflection on the workshop here.
My growth areas
The leadership course also highlighted several growth areas for my skills as a leader and follower:- Conflict management. The course included a unit on conflict management, including reading excerpts on Crucial Conversations. I have always been challenged by conflict management, particularly because I tend to lean towards a "competing" style of conflict management instead of a healthier and more effective collaborating style. Luckily, the reading for the course highlighted specific areas where I could improve, and my peace literacy work mentioned above has been a huge help for this. I go into more depth in a conflict management assessment I completed for the course.
- Lack of experience. While the course involved a lot of reading and reflection, I am lacking in direct experience working as a leader and follower in impactful organizational contexts. In short, the course taught me more about my strengths and weaknesses, but I need more authentic practice in order to develop my skills even further. So, moving forward, I plan on puruing more experiences where I can learn by doing, keeping the insights Dr. Traini gave me in mind in order to keep developing towards my maximum potential.
My reading
- Ronald Heifetz et al. (2009), The Practice of Adaptive Leadership: Tools and Tactics for Changing Your Organization and the World.
- Ira Chaleff (2009), The Courageous Follower: Standing Up To & For Our Leaders.
- Kerry Patterson et al. (2012), Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes Are High.